Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwemboni yamandla entsha, okokusebenza okupakisha amabhethri, njengenkampani ewumgogodla wokugcinwa kwamandla nokuguqulwa, sekugxilwe kakhulu ekunakeni kwemboni ekuthuthukisweni kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokwenza kahle kwesistimu. Kusukela ezimotweni zikagesi kuya eziteshini zamandla zokugcina amandla, kusukela kuzinto zikagesi eziphathwayo kuya ezintweni zamandla eziyisipele zasembonini, ukusebenza kwempahla yebhethri kuthinta ngokuqondile ukuthembeka, ukuphepha, kanye nokuthengeka kokuphela{1}}kwezinhlelo zokusebenza. Njengamanje, isidingo semakethe sezixazululo zephakethe lebhethri elisebenzayo, elihlakaniphile, neliphephile liya ngokuya liphuthuma, liqhuba impumelelo eqhubekayo kubuchwepheshe obuhlobene.
I. Izidingo Eziyinhloko kanye Nezinselele Zempahla Yephakethe Yebhethri
Impahla yokupakisha ibhethri inezimo ezihlukene zohlelo lokusebenza, kodwa izimfuneko zayo eziyinhloko aziguquguquki kakhulu: ukuminyana kwamandla aphezulu, impilo yomjikelezo omude, amandla okushaja okusheshayo nokukhipha, ukuguquguquka kwebanga lokushisa elibanzi, nokuphepha kwangaphakathi. Kodwa-ke, ekusetshenzisweni okungokoqobo, lezi zidingo zivame ukubhekana nezinselele eziningi. Isibonelo, ibhalansi phakathi kokuminyana kwamandla aphezulu kanye nokuphepha kuseyinselele eqhubekayo, ikakhulukazi-ekushayweni okuphezulu nezimo zokukhishwa, lapho ingozi yokubaleka ngokushisa inyuka kakhulu. Kumasistimu amakhulu-esikali sokulondoloza amandla, ukungahambisani kwephakethe lebhethri kungaholela ekushajweni kwendawo noma ekukhipheni{5}kakhulu{5}}, ngaleyo ndlela kuthinte impilo yonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa nokuqapha isimo ezindaweni eziyinkimbinkimbi kuhlala kungamaphuzu obuhlungu bezimboni.
Ukuze kubhekwane nalezi zinkinga, izixazululo zamanje ziyashintsha kusukela ekuthuthukiseni izingxenye ngazinye ziye ekwakhiweni kwesistimu. Ngokuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe bemikhakha eminingi efana nesayensi yezinto zokwakha, amandla kagesi, nobuhlakani bokwenziwa, ukusebenza kukonke kwamaphakethe ebhethri kuyathuthukiswa kancane kancane.
II. Ukuphumelela Okubalulekile Kwezobuchwepheshe Nezikhombisi-ndlela Zokusungula
1. Ukuphindwa kwe-Intelligent Management System (BMS)
Uhlelo lokuphatha ibhethri (BMS) lusebenza "njengobuchopho" bephakethe lebhethri. Imisebenzi yayo iye yanda kusukela ekuqaphelweni kwe-voltage eyisisekelo, yamanje, kanye nezinga lokushisa kuya ekulinganiseni okuyinkimbinkimbi ye-SOC (State of Charge) kanye ne-SOH (Isimo Sezempilo), kanye nokulawula ukulinganisa okuguquguqukayo. Isizukulwane esilandelayo -i-BMS sisebenzisa-izinzwa ezinembayo eziphezulu-ama-dimensional algorithms ukuze sibikezele isimo sebhethri ngesikhathi sangempela, sihlonze izingozi ezingaba khona kusenesikhathi, futhi sandise impilo yonke yephakethe lebhethri ngokulinganisa okusebenzayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amamodeli okuhlaziya idatha asekelwe ku-AI{6}athuthukisa amasu okushaja nawokukhipha, athuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwamandla.
2. Ukuphathwa Okushisayo Nokuvikelwa Kokuphepha
Ukuphatha okushisayo kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza okuzinzile kwephakethe lebhethri. Ukusetshenziswa okuhlanganisiwe kokupholisa uketshezi, okokushintsha kwesigaba (PCM), nobuchwepheshe bokupholisa umoya kunikeza izixazululo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso zokulahla ukushisa eziklanyelwe izidingo zezimo ezihlukahlukene. Isibonelo, emkhakheni wezimoto zikagesi, amasistimu okupholisa uketshezi alawula ngokunembile izinga lokugeleza kokupholisa kanye nezinga lokushisa, aqinisekise ukuthi iphakethe lebhethri ligcina izinga lokushisa elifanelekile lokusebenza ngisho nangaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza ezinzima. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa-kwezinto ezivimbela umlilo kanye{4}}nezindlela zokuvikela ukuphepha kwamaleveli amaningi (njengama-fuse, ama-relay, kanye ne-software enengqondo yokuvikela) ndawonye kudala{5}}ukuvikela ukuphepha okunezendlalelo eziningi.
3. Idizayini eyi-Modular kanye neStandardized
Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo eziguquguqukayo zezimo zohlelo lokusebenza ezihlukene, okokusebenza kwebhethri kusondela ekwenziweni kwemodular. Imiklamo yeseli nemojula esezingeni ivumela ukuhlangana ngokushesha kwamaphakethe ebhethri ngamakhono ahlukahlukene namazinga kagesi, kuncishiswe izindleko zokukhiqiza nokulungisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimiso zokuxhumana ezihlanganisiwe (ezifana ne-CAN ne-BMS-i-CAN) zinika amandla amaphekhi ebhethri ukuthi ahlanganiswe kalula namadivayisi ahlukahlukene, athuthukise ukuhambisana kwesistimu.
III. Izicelo Zemboni kanye Nezitayela Zesikhathi esizayo
Emkhakheni wezimoto zikagesi, izixazululo zephakethe lebhethri zishayela impumelelo ebangeni nesivinini sokushaja. Inhlanganisela yeplathifomu engu-800V ephezulu{2}nobuchwepheshe bebhethri obuqinile{3}}kuzothuthukisa ulwazi lomsebenzisi. Emakethe yesitoreji samandla,-amaphakethe ebhethri amakhulu anika amandla ukuhlanganiswa kwengxenye ephezulu yamandla avuselelekayo ngokushintshwa komthwalo omkhulu kanye nokulawulwa kwamafrikhwensi egridi. Ngokuzayo, ngokuvuthwa kwamakhemistri amasha njengamabhethri e-sodium-ionion kanye namabhethri e-lithium{8}esibabule, ukuminyana kwamandla nokusebenza kahle kwezomnotho kwamaphakethe ebhethri kulindeleke ukuthi kufinyelele izinga eliphezulu.
Ngaso leso sikhathi, ukwenziwa kwezinto eziluhlaza kanye nokugaywa kabusha kwezinto kube yizinto ezibalulekile embonini. Ngokuthuthukisa izinqubo zokukhiqiza kanye nobuchwepheshe bokugaywa kabusha kwezinto, i-carbon footprint yamaphakethe webhethri kuwo wonke umjikelezo wabo wokuphila uzoqhubeka nokwehla, okuqhubekisela phambili imboni yamandla entsha ekuthuthukisweni okuzinzile.
Isiphetho
Ukuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe kuzixazululo zephakethe lebhethri akugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwemikhiqizo ngayinye kodwa futhi kunikeza ukusekelwa okubalulekile ekuzuzeni ukuguqulwa kwamandla kanye nezinjongo zokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni. Ngokuzayo, ngokuhlanganiswa okujulile-kobuchwepheshe bokuqondiswa kwezigwegwe futhi kuqhutshwa isidingo semakethe, amaphakethe ebhethri azosebenza kahle nakakhulu, aphephe, futhi ahlakaniphe kakhulu, okuhlinzeka ngesisekelo esiqinile sokuthuthukisa ingxube yamandla omhlaba.